Colloid nodular goiter
Definition
Colloid nodular goiter is the enlargement of an otherwise normal thyroid gland.
See also: Goiter
Alternative Names
Endemic goiter
Causes
Colloid nodular goiters are also known as endemic goiters. They are usually caused by not getting enough iodine in the diet.
Colloid nodular goiters tend to occur in certain areas with iodine-poor soil. These areas are usually away from the sea coast. An area is defined as endemic for goiter if more than 10% of children ages 6 - 12 have goiters.
Certain things in the environment may also cause thyroid enlargement.
Small- to moderate-sized goiters are relatively common in the United States. The Great Lakes, Midwest, and Intermountain regions were once known as the "goiter belt." The routine use of iodized table salt now helps prevent this deficiency.
Risk factors for colloid nodular goiters include:
- Being over age 40
- Being female
- Having a family history of goiter
- Living in an area where there is endemic iodine deficiency
- Not getting enough iodine in your diet
Symptoms
Exams and Tests
Treatment
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is prescribed for iodine deficiency. If you can increase the iodine content of your diet, you may no longer need thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
You may need surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid gland if you have a large goiter that doesn't go away with treatment or that restricts swallowing and breathing.
If the goiter is producing too much thyroid hormone, treatment may be needed with:
- Antithyroid medication
- Radioactive iodine
- Surgery
Outlook (Prognosis)
The outlook is good with treatment. A persistent goiter may become toxic. This can cause symptoms of excess thyroid hormones.
Sudden enlargement of a thyroid gland may mean there is internal bleeding or an immune disorder. It requires immediate medical attention.
Possible Complications
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if you have signs of thyrotoxicosis:
Prevention
Use iodized salt or foods supplemented with iodine.
Review Date:
6/17/2008
Reviewed By:
Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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