Colposcopy - directed biopsy
Definition
A colposcopy-directed biopsy uses a low-powered microscope called a colposcope to help view the surface of the cervix and show abnormalities.
Alternative Names
Biopsy - colposcopy-directed
How the Test is Performed
You will lie on a table and place your feet in stirrups to position your pelvis for examination. The health care provider will insert an instrument (speculum) into your vagina to open the vaginal canal and examine the cervix.
The cervix is then swabbed with a chemical solution (acetic acid) to remove the mucus that covers the surface, and to highlight abnormal areas. The health care provider will place the colposcope at the opening of the vagina, and examine the area. Photographs may be taken.
If any areas look abnormal, a small sample of the tissue will be removed (biopsy) using small biopsy forceps. Many samples may be taken, depending on the size of the area.
How to Prepare for the Test
There is no special preparation. You may be more comfortable if you empty your bladder and bowel before the procedure. You should not douche or have sexual intercourse for 24 hours before the exam.
How the Test Will Feel
A colposcopy is painless. Some women feel a slight sting from the vinegar solution. The biopsy may feel like a pinch each time a tissue sample is taken. You may have some cramping after the biopsy.
It is typical for women to hold their breath during pelvic procedures because they expect pain. Concentrating on slow, regular breathing will help you relax and help relieve pain.
Why the Test is Performed
This procedure is usually done after a positive Pap smear to identify the abnormality.
Normal Results
A smooth, pink surface of the cervix is normal. A biopsy is only done when the health care provider sees or suspects abnormal tissues because of abnormal Pap smear results.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results may indicate:
The colposcopy may be used to keep track of precancer and look for abnormalities that come back after treatment.
Abnormal findings during a colposcopy include:
- Abnormal patterns in the blood vessels
- Whitish patches on the cervix
- Areas that are swollen, worn away, or wasted away (atrophic)
Any of these problems may be signs of cancerous changes.
The test also may be done if an abnormal Pap smear shows signs of cervical dysplasia.
Risks
After the biopsy, you may have some bleeding for up to a week. To allow the biopsy area to heal, for 2 weeks avoid:
- Douching
- Sexual intercourse
- Using tampons
Call your health care provider:
- If bleeding is very heavy or lasts for longer than 2 weeks
- You notice any signs of infection (fever, foul odor, or discharge)
Considerations
If the colposcopy or biopsy does not show why the Pap smear was abnormal, your health care provider may suggest that you have a more extensive biopsy.
See also: Cold knife cone biopsy
References
Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM. Katz: Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby; 2007.
Review Date:
2/19/2008
Reviewed By:
Peter Chen, MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997-
A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
