Melanoma of the eye
Definition
Melanoma of the eye is cancer that occurs in various parts of the eye, such as the choroid, the iris, or the ciliary body. The choroid layer is the most likely location of melanoma in the eye.
Alternative Names
Malignant melanoma - choroid; Malignant melanoma - eye; Eye tumor; Ocular melanoma
Causes
Melanoma is a very aggressive type of cancer that can spread rapidly. It often affects the skin.
Melanoma is the most common type of eye tumor in adults. Even so, primary melanoma of the eye is rare.
The cancer may only be in the eye, or it may spread to another location in the body. There may be no early symptoms, but the tumor will eventually cause a retinal detachment and distortion of vision.
Excessive exposure to sunlight is an important risk factor. The occurrence of melanoma has greatly increased in recent decades. Fair-skinned and blue-eyed people are affected most often.
Symptoms
In some cases, there may be no symptoms.
Exams and Tests
An eye examination with an ophthalmoscope may reveal a single round or oval lump (tumor) within the eye.
Tests may include:
Treatment
Small melanomas may be treated with lasers or by radiation therapy. Chemotherapy may be needed if the tumor has spread. Surgical removal of the eye may be necessary to prevent the spread of the tumor to the brain or other organs.
Support Groups
For additional resources, see cancer support group.
Outlook (Prognosis)
The outcome for melanoma of the eye depends upon the size of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. Between 60% and 80% of patients will survive at least 5 years from the time of diagnosis if the cancer has not spread outside the eye (metastasized).
If the cancer has been spread outside the eye, the chance of survival is much lower.
Possible Complications
Spread of the tumor to other areas of the body is a complication.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if a melanoma of the eye is suspected.
Prevention
The most important way to prevent eye melanoma is to avoid excessive exposure to sunlight, especially between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the sun's rays are most intense. Wear sunglasses, and be sure they have ultraviolet protection.
A yearly ophthalmologic exam is recommended.
Review Date:
2/5/2008
Reviewed By:
Kevin Berman, MD, PhD, Associate, Atlanta Center for Dermatologic Disease, Atlanta, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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