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Sputum direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
Definition
Sputum direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) is a test that looks for microorganisms in lung secretions.
Alternative Names
Direct immunofluorescence test; Direct fluorescent antibody - sputum
How the test is performed
You will produce a sputum sample from your lungs by coughing up mucus from deep inside your lungs. (The mucus is not the same as saliva or spit from the mouth.)
In the laboratory, antibodies that have been chemically linked to a fluorescent dye are added to the sample. These antibodies are considered "tagged." They will attach to specific antigens -- in this case, the microorganism against which they were formed. If the specific microorganism is present, a bright glow (fluorescence) can be seen in the sputum sample using a special microscope.
How to prepare for the test
If coughing does not produce sputum, a breathing treatment may be given before the test to trigger sputum production.
How the test will feel
There is no discomfort.
Why the test is performed
Your doctor may order this test if you have signs of certain lung infections or pneumonias.
Normal Values
Normally, there is no antigen-antibody reaction.
What abnormal results mean
Abnormal results may be due to an infection such as Legionnaire's disease, mycoplasma pneumonia , or chlamydia pneumonia.
What the risks are
There are no risks.
Special considerations
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).